A Step-by-Step Guide to the Ocean Freight Export Process in International Trade
In today’s global economy, ocean freight remains one of the most cost-effective and reliable ways to move goods across continents. For exporters—whether experienced or just entering international markets—understanding the seafreight export process is crucial to ensuring timely and smooth delivery.
Here’s a clear step-by-step breakdown of the ocean freight export process in international trade:
1. Exporter and Buyer Agreement
The process begins with a sales contract or purchase order between the exporter and the overseas buyer. The parties agree on the trade terms (such as Incoterms), product specifications, price, delivery time, and payment method.
2. Booking Space with a Freight Forwarder or Carrier
The exporter, or their appointed freight forwarder, books space with a shipping line (carrier). This includes selecting the port of origin, destination, container size/type, and shipping schedule.
At this stage, the shipping line provides a booking confirmation, which includes a booking number and sailing details.
3. Cargo Preparation and Packing
The exporter prepares the cargo according to the product’s nature, international shipping standards, and safety regulations. Goods are then packed—often into shipping containers—and labeled correctly.
Proper packaging and documentation are essential to prevent damage or delays during transit.
4. Customs Declaration at Origin
Before shipment, the exporter (or their customs broker) must file an export customs declaration in the country of origin. This includes submitting a commercial invoice, packing list, and, in some cases, export licenses or certificates of origin.
Once cleared, the container can be delivered to the port.
5. Container Delivery and Port Handling
The cargo is transported to the designated port terminal (either by truck, rail, or barge). There, it goes through port handling procedures—container weighing, scanning, and loading onto the vessel.
The carrier issues a Bill of Lading (B/L) once the container is loaded, serving as a shipping contract and receipt.
6. Ocean Transit
The container is shipped overseas according to the scheduled route. Transit time can vary depending on distance, shipping lane, and transshipment points.
During this period, the freight forwarder or carrier usually provides tracking updates.
7. Customs Clearance at Destination
Upon arrival at the destination port, the importer or their customs broker must complete import customs clearance, submitting necessary import documentation and paying any applicable duties and taxes.
8. Delivery to Final Destination
Once customs clearance is completed, the cargo is released and delivered to the buyer’s warehouse or specified location, completing the export process.
Final Thoughts
Ocean freight export can seem complex, but with the right logistics partner and a clear understanding of the steps involved, it becomes a manageable and efficient process. Whether you’re shipping full container loads (FCL) or less-than-container loads (LCL), planning ahead and maintaining proper documentation are the keys to success.
Need help with your next export shipment? Contact us today to learn how our experienced team can simplify the process and optimize your logistics.
